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1. History Of The Arabs Before Islam

• Philip Khuri Hitti, was a Lebanese-American professor and scholar at Princeton and Harvard University, and authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages. He almost single-handedly created the discipline of Arabic studies in the United States.
• (History Of The Arabs, Philip K. Hitti, 1937, p 96-101) The Pre-Islamic Age: Bedouin heathenism. Judged by his poetry the pagan Bedouin of the Jahiliyah age had little if any religion. To spiritual impulses he was lukewarm, even indifferent.

Philip Khuri Hitti (Arabic: فيليب خوري حتي), (Shimlan 22 June 1886 – Princeton 24 December 1978) was a Lebanese-American professor and scholar at Princeton and Harvard University, and authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages. He almost single-handedly created the discipline of Arabic studies in the United States.

• 1Biography
  • 1.2Education and academic career

Biography[edit]

Early life[edit]

Hitti was born in OttomanLebanon into a Maronite Christian family, in the village of Shemlan some 25 km southeast from Beirut, up in Mount Lebanon.

Education and academic career[edit]

History Of The Arabs Before Islam

He was educated at an American Presbyterian mission school at Suq al-Gharb and then at the American University of Beirut (AUB). After graduating in 1908 he taught at the American University of Beirut before moving to Columbia University where he earned his PhD in 1915 and taught Semitic languages. After World War I he returned to AUB and taught there until 1926. In February 1926 he was offered a Chair at Princeton University, which he held until he retired in 1954. During World War II, he taught Arabic to servicemen at Princeton through the Army Specialized Training Program (including future Ambassador Rodger Paul Davies).^[1] Hitti was both Professor of Semitic Literature and Chairman of the Department of Oriental Languages. After formal retirement he accepted a position at Harvard University. He also taught in the summer schools at the University of Utah and George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He subsequently held a research position at the University of Minnesota.

Opinion on Arab-Jewish conflict over Palestine[edit]

In 1944 before a U. S. House committee, Hitti gave testimony in support of the view that there was no historical justification for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. His testimony was reprinted in the Princeton Herald. In response, Albert Einstein and his friend and colleague Erich Kahler jointly replied in the same newspaper with their counter-arguments. Hitti then published a response and Einstein and Kahler concluded the debate in the Princeton Herald with their second response.^[2] In 1945 Hitti served as an adviser to the Iraqi delegation at the San Francisco Conference which established the United Nations. In 1946, Hitti was the first Lebanese-American witness at the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry on Palestine. Bartley Crum, an American member of the committee, recalled that

Hitti.. explained that there was actually no such entity as Palestine - never had been; it was historically part of Syria, and 'the Sunday schools have done a great deal of harm to us because by smearing the walls of classrooms with maps of Palestine, they associate it with the Jews in the minds of the average American and Englishman'.. He asserted that Zionism was an imposition on the Arabs of an alien way of life which they resented and to which they would never submit.^[3]

Prominent relative Christa McAuliffe[edit]

Hitti was the maternal great-uncle of Christa McAuliffe, a teacher-astronaut who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986.^[4]

Works[edit]

• The Syrians in America (1924)
• The origins of the Druze people and religion: with extracts from their sacred writings (1928)
• An Arab-Syrian Gentleman in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh (1929)
• History of the Arabs (1937)
• The Arabs: a short history (1943)
• History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine (1951)^[5]
• Syria: A Short History (1959), the condensed version of the 1951 'History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine'
• The Near East in History (1961)
• Islam and the West (1962)
• Lebanon in History (1957)
• Makers of Arab History (1968)
• Islam: A Way of Life (1970)
• Capital cities of Arab Islam (1973)

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

• Finding aid for the Philip Khuri Hitti papers at the Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.
• A selection of letters and photographs from the Philip Khuri Hitti papers have been digitized and are available through the Digitizing Immigrant Letters project, Immigration History Research Center Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries.

References[edit]

1. ^http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197104/a.talk.with.philip.hitti.htm, http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_6/jones_astp.html
2. ^Rowe, D. E.; Schulmann, R. J., (eds.) (2007). Einstein on politics. Princeton U. Press. pp. 315–316. ISBN0-691-12094-3.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
3. ^Crum, Bartley C. Behind The Silken Curtain. Page 25. Victor Gollancz Ltd., London. 1947.
4. ^'20 Years Later..Remembering Lebanese American Astronaut Christa McAuliffe'(PDF). Lebanese Monthly Magazine. February 2006. p. 18, Volume 1, Issue 2. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
5. ^Syria: A Short History, the condensed version of the 1951 'History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine' [1]

History of the Arabs is a book written by Philip Khuri Hitti and was first published in 1937. Hitti spent 10 years writing this book ^[1]

According to Hitti's own account, in 1927 the editor Daniel Macmillan, the brother of Harold Macmillan, wrote to Philip Hitti asking him to write a history of the Arabs.^[1] Hitti agreed, estimating that it would take him three years to complete the book, but the task actually took him 10 years.^[1] Although its editor originally hesitated to publish even a hundred copies of this book, the book has gone through ten published editions since then.^[1]

Manusia dalam masyarakat yang sebelumnya sistem kekerabatan mengambil segala ini. POLITIK LEMBAGA mungkin des ¬ cribed sebagai proses sosial yang telah disetujui untuk de ¬ fining dengan norma-norma yang diterima tersebut, untuk mengalokasikan kantor kepemimpinan, untuk menetap dis ¬ putes, dan untuk mengorganisir kelompok pertahanan. Perbandingan hukum.

In his History of the Arabs, Philip Hitti denies the idea of an Arab army destroyed by Charles Martel, stressing that the caliph had just died and that these Arabs preferred Spain to more northerly areas. For him, it is not the defeat of the Arabs which enabled the possibility of the Occident, as if the Arabs had to be defeated so that the Occident could exist.^{[citation needed]} Instead, it is the transmission of the knowledge of the Mediterranean basin and beyond, and thus the dialogue between the two banks of the Mediterranean, which leads to the foundation of the Occident.

References[edit]

• Philip Khuri Hitti, History of the Arabs, Revised: 10th Edition, Palgrave Macmillan; (September 6, 2002) ISBN0-333-63142-0